View source

=Types of Synthetic Training Devices=

==JAR STD-1A==
Full Flight Simulator

A full size replica of a specific type or make, model and series aeroplane flight deck, including the assemblage of all equipment and computer programmes necessary to represent the aeroplane in ground and flight operations, a visual system providing an out of the flight deck view, and a force cueing motion system. It is in compliance with the minimum standards for Flight Simulator Qualification.

===Level A===
* Visual response delay (time between control input and visible reaction): 300ms
* Continuous, minimum collimated visual field of view providing each pilot with 45 degrees horizontal and 30 degrees vertical field of view.
* System Geometry: 5° even angular spacing within ± 1° as measured from either pilot eye-point, and within 1·5° for adjacent squares.
* System geometry should be measured using a visual test pattern filling the entire visual scene (all channels) consisting of a matrix of black and white 5° squares with light points at the intersections. The operator should demonstrate that the angular spacing of any chosen 5° square and the relative spacing of adjacent squares are within the stated tolerances. The intent of this test is to demonstrate local linearity of the displayed image at either pilot eye-point.

===Level B===

===Level C===
* Visual response delay (time between control input and visible reaction): 150ms
* Continuous, cross-cockpit, minimum collimated visual field of view providing each pilot with 180 degrees horizontal and 40 degrees vertical field of view.
* Surface Contrast Ratio: Not less than 5:1
* Surface contrast ratio should be measured using a raster drawn test pattern filling the entire visual scene (all channels). The test pattern should consist of black and white squares, 5 per square with a white square in the centre of each channel. Measurement should be made on the centre bright square for each channel using a 1° spot photometer. This value should have a minimum brightness of 7 cd/m2 (2 foot-lamberts). Measure any adjacent dark squares. The contrast ratio is the bright square value divided by the dark square value.

===Level D===

==JAR STD-2A==
Flight Training Device

A full size replica of an aeroplane’s instruments, equipment, panels and controls in an open flight deck area or an enclosed aeroplane flight deck, including the assemblage of equipment and computer software programmes necessary to represent the aeroplane in ground and flight conditions to the extent of the systems installed in the device. It does not require a force cueing motion or visual system. It is in compliance with the minimum standards for a specific FTD Level of Qualification.

===Level 1===
* Circuit breakers shall function accurately when involved in operating procedures or malfunctions requiring or involving flight crew response.
* Navigational data with the corresponding approach facilities. All navigation aids should be usable within range without restriction.
* Instructor’s controls to enable the STD operator to control all required system variables and insert abnormal or emergency conditions into the aeroplane systems.
* Timely permanent update of FTD hardware and programming consistent with aeroplane modifications.
* If the visual system is to be used for the training of manoeuvering by visual reference (such as route and airfield competence) then the visual system should at least comply with that required for level A Flight Simulator.

===Level 2===
* A full size panel of replicated system(s) which will have actuation of controls and switches that replicate those of the aeroplane simulated.
* Lighting environment shall be as per aeroplane.
* Circuit breakers that affect procedures and/or result in observable flight deck indications should be properly located and functionally accurate.
* All relevant instrument indications involved in the simulation of the applicable aeroplane automatically respond to control input.
* Crew member seats should afford the capability for the occupants to be able to achieve the design eye reference position for the replicated aeroplane.
* Control forces and control travel should correspond to that of the replicated aeroplane with CT&M.
* Significant flight deck sounds (including engines) corresponding to those of the aeroplane, which result from pilot actions.

==JAR STD-3A==
Flight and Navigation Procedures Trainer

A ground based training device which represents the flight deck environment of a multi-engine aeroplane type or class to the extent that the systems appear to function as in an aeroplane. It incorporates a visual system providing an out of the flight deck view.

===FNPT I===

===FNPT II===

===FNPT II MCC===

==JAR STD-4A==
Basic Instrument Training Device - BITD

A ground based training device which represents the student pilot‘s station of a class of aeroplanes. It may use screen based instrument panels and springloaded flight controls, providing a training platform for at least the procedural aspects of instrument flight.

= Credits towards flight training =

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+JAR-FCL Credits for JAR-STD approved flight training devices
|-
! Paragraph !! Licence              !! Training item       !! FCL Req.!! BITD !! FNPT I !! FNPT II !! FNPT II MCC !! FS
|-
| 1.120 || PPL                      || Basic training      || 45 hrs  || 5 hrs || 5 hrs || 5 hrs   || 5 hrs       || 5 hrs
|-
| 1.160+165 a.1 || ATP (Integrated) || Instrument training || 50 hrs  ||       || 25 hrs || 40 hrs || 40 hrs      || 40 hrs
|-
| ||                                || MCC training        || 15 hrs  ||       ||        ||        || 15 hrs      || 15 hrs
|-
| 1.160+165 a.2 || CPL (Integrated) || Instrument training || 50 hrs ||        || 25 hrs || 40 hrs || 40 hrs      || 40 hrs
|-
| 1.160+165 a.4 || CPL (Modular)    || Instrument training || 10 hrs || 5 hrs  || 5 hrs  || 5 hrs  || 5 hrs       || 5 hrs
|-
| 1.205         || IR-SE (Modular)  || Instrument training || 50 hrs ||        || 20 hrs || 35 hrs || 35 hrs      || 35 hrs
|-
|               || IR-ME (Modular)  || Instrument training || 55 hrs ||        || 25 hrs || 40 hrs || 40 hrs      || 40 hrs
|-
| 1.280         || ATP              || Experience          || 1500 hrs ||      || 25 hrs || 25 hrs || 25 hrs      || 100 hrs
|-
| 1.330         || FI               || Experience          || 200 hrs  ||      ||        || 50 hrs || 50 hrs      || 50 hrs
|-
|               ||                  || Instructor training || 10 hrs   ||      ||        || 5 hrs  || 5 hrs       || 5 hrs
|-
| 1.380         || CRI-SEP          || Instructor training || 3 hrs    ||      ||        ||        ||             || 3 hrs
|-
|               || CRI-MEP          || Instructor training || 5 hrs    ||||||||||5 hrs
|-
|1.395          || IRI              || Instructor training || 10 hrs ||||||10 hrs ||10 hrs ||10 hrs
|}